Comparing piston, turboprop, turbojet, and turbofan engines in terms of mechanism, fuel consumption, optimal cruising conditions, and opportunities for future development

Abstract

Aviation is a significant sector in engineering. It directly influences the lives of millions through its influence on different sectors, including transport, global trade, and military use. Aviation witnessed a long history of progress and development, especially during periods focused on engineering, such as WWII. It was in that period that the first ever jet engine was introduced. The transition from propeller-powered piston engines to jet engines was the definition of a breakthrough. This paper focuses on reviewing the mechanism by which every type of engine works. It is most concerned with four significant engine types: piston engines, turboprop engines, turbojet engines, and turbofan engines. It is necessary to understand the mechanism by which each engine operates to analyze its performance and efficiency. To understand how every design and model were built to satisfy different purposes, it was necessary to review the aspects and variables related to each design, including their speeds, fuel consumption, and optimal cruising conditions. This paper and its content were gathered from credited reviews and sources. By understanding historical and present trends in engine design and construction, we can capture a glimpse of the future. This paper looks to leak an aspect of the future concerned with improving propellers and jet engines. It reviews strategies that are being studied to improve the engines, including tip loading and improving fuel efficiency of jets.