Review of the relation between galaxy clusters and the constraining parameters of the ΛCDM  model

الملخص

We reviewed the relationship between clusters of galaxies and the ΛCDM (Lambda Cold Dark Matter) model of the universe. Since the formation and the characteristics of galaxy clusters support the theory behind the ΛCDM model, we discussed the formation process of galaxy clusters, their morphological characteristics, different observational techniques, and the parameters of the universe. We also mention methods from other cosmological probes that agree with galaxy cluster observations, hence, validating the ΛCDM as the standard model of the universe.